Four Levels of Metacognitive Learners

There are four levels of metacognitive learners, all representing different degree of how aware they are of their own learning and utilization of learning strategies. As we spend more time thinking about how we think, we can see ourselves moving through each of these stages. Even when we use metacognition effectively, there will be times when we transition in and out of some of the “levels”, and this is a completely natural part of metacognition. As you read these descriptions, reflect on where you currently stand, and where you hope to be.

Tacit

• Tacit learners are unfamiliar with the metacognitive process and do not think about their thinking or reflect on their learning. They are unaware of their strengths and weaknesses and which strategies are most beneficial for them.

Aware

• Aware learners have some familiarity and are aware of their thinking. However, they are not always intentional with their thinking and utilizing the metacognitive process. They may be aware of their strengths and weaknesses but do not know how to implement strategies that work best for them.

Strategic

• Strategic learners are familiar with metacognition and their thinking. They are mostly able to use the metacognitive process to better complete tasks and goals. They implement strategies that take into account their strengths and weaknesses.

Reflective

• Reflective learners are very familiar with the metacognitive process and are conscious and intentional with their thinking. They not only implement strategies that are most effective for them, but they also monitor their learning and reflect throughout their task in order to readjust when something is ineffective.