Glossary

A patterned variation of pronunciation in a language. Usually tied to a specific region, community, or individual.

How correct one's language use is according to the specific language ideology held by interlocutors.

Learning that involves the learner being an active participant in the learning process through creating, investigating, thinking, discussing, etc.

A word that modifies a noun, usually attributing some characteristic to said noun.

Speaking two or more languages. Speaking more than two languages is sometimes referred to multilingualism or being multilingual.

A group or set of methods used for the purpose of creating an effective learning environment in the classroom.

“A word that suggests social patterns of shared meaning. In essence, it is a collective understanding of the way the world works, shared by members of a group and passed down from one generation to the next,” (Biswas-Diener & Thin, 2024).

Languages in danger of losing all speakers and disappearing.

The ability to speak in a language spontaneously without unnecessary pauses, even if some errors might occur.

The use of game like thinking and game like mechanics in non-game situations, typically to engage users

Hamza (ء) in Arabic script is considered as a letter or a sign that represents a glottal stop, a sound produced by briefly stopping airflow in your throat or glottis. An abrupt little pause in the middle of saying "uh-oh is glottal stop.

A social group that one identifies with psychologically.

Compare to "out-group": a group that one does not identify with.

Specialized vocabulary used by a specific profession or in a specific domain that are usually difficult for those outside of that field to understand.

The idea that a language is made up not only of its grammatical and vocabulary elements, but also past knowledge, inventions, cultural information, and behaviors that contribute to language change over time.

A set of shared beliefs and feelings about language that connects language and society.

Related to Standard-Language Ideology, this is the prescriptive practice of describing one language variety as being the most "correct" or most "pure", and therefore of higher value that other varieties.

People who study languages and their many different structures. This includes the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, phonology, semantics, and more.

The process by which only a single group's expression of culture has power and/or is allowed, reducing cultural diversity.

Speaking only one language.

Not spoken

Having a high level of regard. Within sociolinguistics, the variety of prestige is considered the most "correct" by those in power and society.

A variation of a language specific to a certain geographical location or region.

The latin based writing of a language that doesn't use a latin alphabet

"A bias toward an abstract, idealized homogenous language, which is imposed and maintained by dominant institutions" (Lippi-Green, 1997)

“Groups that are part of the dominant culture but that differ from it in important ways,” (Weil, 2018).

The language you are currently learning.

Spoken